An accelerated Stackelberg game approach for distributed energy resource aggregator participating in energy and reserve markets considering security check

With increasing distributed energy resources (DERs) integration, the strategic behavior of a DER aggregator in electricity markets will significantly affect secure operation distribution system. In this paper, interactions among aggregator, and reserve markets, system are investigated through single-leader-multi-follower Stackelberg game model with as leader independent operator followers. To guarantee security system, check problems under three different scenarios involved follower level, which is linearized using mixed-integer power flow model. Then, strong duality theorem, proposed converted into bi-level linear (BMILP) programming only follower-level problems. Next, an accelerated relaxation-based reformulation decomposition algorithm to solve BMILP problem. Finally, case studies carried out on constructed integrated transmission (T&D) practical T&D verify effectiveness algorithm. The simulation results indicate that available downward decrease limitation